Psy 270 Depression Paper

Week 4 Assignment Depression Paper Axia College of University of capital of Arizona Situational low is a normal recurrence for many of us during our lifetimes. We kick in life events that trigger first, stress and anxiety to embroil the death of a loved ace, the unwanted change in our work status and by chance a divorce. Such changes in emotions ar temporary and directly related to special(prenominal) events argon part of the way in which we respond to these changes. immaterial these normal, healthy mood changes exists a world in which a meek percentage of U.S. adults experience clinical depression. Clinical depression is a intellectual illness that is extreme enough that a soulfulness usher outnot function sanitary in their daily lives. It may even cause the one-on-one to be suicidal. Unipolar depression is the term ascribed to this condition (Comer, 2011). Symptoms of this illness are akin to those of mood disorder. The mood disorder is called bipolar disorder. In this assignment, I leave behind compare causes, symptoms and treatments of these two illnesses.The American Psychiatric Associations diagnostic and Statistical Manual describes unipolar depression as a satisfying depressive period that lasts more than two weeks during which the diligent exhibits at least volt depressive symptoms (Comer, 2011). Symptoms of depression include insomnia, daily bouts of depression, inability to concentrate on the job on hand, loss of appetite and a loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities and thoughts of suicide (Comer, 2011). Unipolar depression is thought to be caused by a compounding of factors rather than being developed from one source or exposure.Depression is in part, a genetic biochemical dissymmetry of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in combination with stress. The institute details specific face-to-faceity traits correlated with depression. Their studies revealed that singles who certify 1. H igh levels of anxiety, which can be undergo as an internalized anxious worrying style or as a more externalized irritability. 2. Shyness, expressed as social avoidance or personal reserve. 3. Self? criticism or low self? worth. 4. Interpersonal sensitivity. 5.Perfectionism. 6. A self? focused style is at higher risk for exploitation depression. A variety of therapies are used to treat unipolar depression with varying degrees of success and effectiveness. One treatment which is biological in constitution that has proved very effective is as well controversial because of its nature. This is Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In ECT, the patient is subjected to induction of seizure through controlled electric shock, under anesthesia. The treatment turn is not well understood and is, therefore, used only in repelling cases.These cases may include delusion in extreme forms of the illness. ECT does pitch to cause memory loss and is being used less frequently since the introduction of newer antidepressant drugs (Comer, 2011). The class of drugs used for antidepressant effects include deuce-ace types. These are monoamine oxidase (MAOI) inhibitors, tricyclics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors). All three types of antidepressants are effective for patients with depression, however SSRIs are currently the preferred practice of medicine due to the smaller body of side effects these drugs have.SSRIs function by balancing the brains neurotransmitters. They increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels (Comer, 2011). another(prenominal) treatment modalities are available as well. Drug treatments are just about effective when used in combination with other treatments. Unipolar depression treatments are currently dominated by cognitive model therapies. The cognitive models have gained favor over other therapies, such as psychodynamic and behavioral models (Comer, 2011). The effectiveness rate for cognitive therapie s is between 50% and 60% (Comer, 2011).Cognitive therapy is designed to re-educate patients to become aware of and alter their sustain negative thought normals and dysfunctional behaviors. Four beats are employed in this model. The first step is when the individual is instructed to create a log of their daily schedule so that they can begin to become active again. This is intended to overhaul them also regain their self-confidence. In the second step, the individual is told to write down the self-winding negative thoughts they experience.In the third step, they can then look back on this list and learn to recognize that most, if not all, of these thoughts are unfounded and that this pattern of negative thinking becomes self fulfilling. The goal here is to refocus the person and to give them a new perspective that is self fulfilling in a positive way. The fourth and last step is when the clinician assists the individual in qualification changes to their maladaptive attitudes a nd behaviors that contributed to their depression (Comer, 2011). Bipolar disorder is the term applied to an individuals condition when their mood swings drastically from mania to depression.The DSM indicates that there are two different types of bipolar disorders. In Type one an individual experiences daily severe depression for an extended period with these periods being by full blown manic episodes. In Type two bipolar disorder, the individual experiences the same depression as in Type one, but the subsequent manic phase is less severe (Comer, 2011). Research studies show that bipolar disorder is developed in the same way as depression. The treatments for bipolar disorder, however, vary greatly from those used to treat depression.In bipolar patients, antidepressants can trigger mania, so other drugs, singly or in combination are used for mania. Some of these drugs are lithium, carbamazepine and valporate (Comer, 2011) in combination with SSRI antidepressants, since SSRIs do not tr igger mania as often. Research shows that psychotherapeutics alone will not effectively treat biopolar disorders. Lithium on is also not effective. Lithium dosages are difficult to regulate in actual use and patients often discontinue the medication on their own (Comer, 2011).Adjunctive psychotherapy is used in conjunction with medications, in part to help the patient understand the value of their medication. The clinician will also work with the patient to help them cope with family, work and social issues that arise when bipolar disorder is experienced (Comer, 2011). These two types of disorders are caused in similar ways, but their treatments are quite different. References Comer, R. J. (2011). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (6th ed. ). New York, NY Worth.